“Surprising” new insights into link between gut microbiome and aging


A new study is suggesting a metabolite produced by gut microbes could increase neuron production in the brain, improve intestinal function, and ultimately slow the aging process. Across several compelling mouse experiments the research found the negative effects of aging could be counteracted by enhanced microbial production of a molecule called butyrate.

Investigating the effect of the gut microbiome on aging, the new research first performed gut microbiome transplants between old and young mice. Using fecal transplants, young germ-free mice were colonized with the gut microbiota of older mice. The results were somewhat unexpected as the younger mice colonized with the older microbiomes displayed increased neurogenesis, a process whereby new neurons are produced in the brain.

“We’ve found that microbes collected from an old mouse have the capacity to support neural growth in a younger mouse,” explains Sven Pettersson, lead on the research team from Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. “This is a surprising and very interesting observation…”

Compared to a control group of young germ-free mice colonized with the gut microbiomes of age-matched young mice, the older microbiomes seemed to confer greater beneficial effects on the young mice. Digging into what could be causing these unusual effects the researchers discovered the older microbiomes contained greater volumes of microbes that produce a short chain fatty acid known as butyrate.

Administering butyrate on its own to the younger mice resulted in similar beneficial effects to both intestinal health and neurogenesis. The researchers say this implies a healthy aging microbiome may increase its populations of butyrate-producing microbes as a way of balancing out the more systemic deficits of aging in an organism.

https://stm.sciencemag.org/content/11/518/eaau4760

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